Outcome-Based Education (OBE)-based digital financial learning through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model
This study was prompted by the need for students to develop the digital competencies required to meet the challenges of Industry 4.0, particularly in managing finances through digital technology. Outcome-Based Education (OBE) emphasises achieving specified competencies as learning outcomes, whereas the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model encourages students to strengthen their analytical and problem-solving skills and apply digital finance concepts through real-world case studies. Employing a descriptive qualitative design, the study drew on classroom observations, interviews with lecturers and students, and documentation of learning outcomes. The findings indicate that implementing PBL within an OBE framework effectively enhances students' practical skills in using digital finance applications, fosters critical and collaborative thinking, and deepens their understanding of financial concepts. Students demonstrated improved competencies in financial planning, risk analysis, and the use of digital tools for financial management. These results confirm that integrating OBE with PBL provides an effective learning framework for preparing graduates to meet the professional challenges of digital finance. The study recommends developing competency-based curricula that use active learning methods aligned with industry needs.
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