Pre-service English teachers’ intercultural awareness of othering: Insights from CLA

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v31i2.102405

Keywords:

Pre-service English teachers, Intercultural awareness, Othering, Critical Literary Approach, Postcolonial perspective

Abstract

This study examines pre-service English teachers’ intercultural awareness of othering from a postcolonial perspective and explores the potential of the Critical Literary Approach (CLA) in EFL contexts. Twenty English education students from a state university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, participated in the study. Data were collected through written reflections on the film Fences (2016) and analysed thematically using Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña’s (2014) framework. Findings show that nine students identified racial discrimination, one recognized gender inequality, while the others mainly interpreted the film as a family drama. Only half of the participants demonstrated awareness of postcolonial dimensions of othering. The findings suggest that CLA can create opportunities to examine power, inequality, and cultural difference through literary texts. Its use may also encourage critical dialogue and support the development of intercultural awareness. The study highlights the relevance of film-based literary pedagogy for integrating postcolonial and intercultural perspectives into Indonesian EFL teacher education.

References

Anderson, G. L., & Irvine, P. (1993). Informing critical literacy with ethnography. In C. Lankshear & P. McLaren (Eds.). Critical literacy: Politics, praxis, and the postmodern (pp. 81–104). SUNY Press.

Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., 7 Tiffin, H. (2007). Post-colonial studies: The Key concepts. 2nd Ed.

Baker, W. (2011). Intercultural awareness: Modelling an understanding of cultures in intercultural communication through English as a lingua franca. Language and Intercultural Communication, 197-214.

Barany, L.K. (2016). Language awareness, intercultural awareness and communicative language teaching: Towards language education. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, vol. 2 issue 4.

Bennett, J. (1993). Cultural marginality: Identity issues in intercultural training. In R. M. Paige (Ed.), Education for the intercultural experience (pp. 109-135). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. New York, NY: Psychology Press.

Bulgrin, E., & Daniels, C. (2025). Innovation labs as third spaces for addressing anthropogenic climate change and intercultural issues in the Pan-African University. Intercultural Education, 1-17.

Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Byram, M., & Fleming, M. (Eds.). (1998). Language learning in intercultural perspective: Approaches through drama and ethnography. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Byram, M., Gribkova, B. & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: A practical introduction for teachers. Council of Europe: Strasbourg.

Council of Europe. (2020). Plurilingual and intercultural education: Definition and founding

principles. Retrieved from https://www.coe.int/en/web/platform- plurilingualintercultural-language-education/the-founding-principles-of-plurilingual-andintercultural-education.

Council of Europe. Council for Cultural Co-operation. Education Committee. Modern Languages Division. (2001). Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge University Press.

Dobie, A. B. (2012). Theory into practice: an introduction to literary criticism. 3rd ed. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Ghavamnia, M. (2020). Iranian EFL teachers’ beliefs and perspectives on incorporating culture in EFL classes. Intercultural Education, 31(3), 314–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2020.1733862.

Hafid, A. (2017). Diskriminasi Bangsa Belanda dalam Novel Salah Asuhan Karya Abdoel Moeis (Kajian Postkolonial). Kembara, 3(2), 264654.

Iswandari, Y. A., & Ardi, P. (2022). Intercultural communicative competence in EFL Setting: A Systematic Review. rEFLections, 29(2), 361-380.

Kemdikbud. (2009). Bendera, bahasa, dan lambang negara, serta lagu kebangsaan. Jakarta: Kemdikbud.

Kemendiknas. (2003). Undang-undang sistem sistem pendidikan nasional. Jakarta: Kemendiknas.

Kramsch, C. (1998). Language and culture. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Kramsch, C. (2003). Metaphor and the subjective construction of beliefs. In P. Kalaja & A. M. Barcelos (Eds.), Beliefs about SLA: New research approaches (pp. 109-128). Berlin, DE: Springer.

Kusumaningputri, R., & Widodo, H. P. (2018). Promoting Indonesian university students’ critical intercultural awareness in tertiary EAL classrooms: The use of digital photographmediated intercultural tasks. System, 72, 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.10.003

Liu, C. (2016). Cultivation of intercultural awareness in EFL teaching. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, vol. 7 pp. 226-232.

Madya, S. (2013). Metodologi pengajaran bahasa dari era prametode sampai era pascametode. Yogyakarta: UNY Press.

Megawati, I., Widodo, P., Ashadi, & Triastuti, A. (2020). Teacher’s cognition of intercultural communicative competence in Indonesia EFL context. Elementary Education Online, 19(2), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2020.02.105.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (Third edition). Thousand Oaks, Califorinia: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Nguyen, T. T.T. (2017). Integrating culture into language teaching and learning: Learner outcomes. The Reading Matrix: An International Journal, vol. 17 no. 1, 145- 155.

Permatasari, I., & Andriyanti, E. (2021). Developing students’ intercultural communicative competence through cultural text-based teaching. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v11i1.34611.

Priyatni, E. (2012). Membaca sastra dengan ancangan literasi kritis. Bumi Aksara.

Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Sharma, A. (2016). The emergence of postcolonialism: A historical aspect. BEST: International Journal of Humanities, Arts, Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 4(3), pp. 49-52.

Shen, L. (2021). An Investigation of Learners' Perception of an Online Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) Training Model. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(13).

Spivak, G. C. (1985). The Rani of Sirmur: an essay in reading the archives. History and Theory, 24(3): 247-272.

Staszak, J.F. (2008). Other/otherness. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Elsevier.

Su, J., Aryanata, T., Shih, Y., & Dalsky, D. (2021). English as an International Language in

Practice: Virtual Intercultural Fieldwork between Balinese and Chinese EFL Learners. Changing English: Studies in Culture and Education, 28(4), 429–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/1358684X.2021.1915748.

Sulistiyo, U. (2016). English language teaching and EFL teacher competence in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Fourth International Seminar on English Language Teaching (ISELT-4), 396-406.

Suryanto, S. (2014). Issues in teaching English in a cultural context: A case of Indonesia. Journal of English Literacy Education, 1(2), 75-82.

Syam, A. F., Basri, M., & Sahril, S. (2020). Intercultural communicative competence development of Indonesian higher education students. Asian EFL Journal, 27(2).

UNESCO. (2009). World report No. 2: Investing in cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue. Paris: UNESCO. Available from www. Unesco.org/en/world-reports/cultural-diversity. UNESCO. (2013). Intercultural competences. France: UNESCO.

United Nations. (1948). Universal declaration of human rights. Geneva: United Nations. Available from http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/.

Vichiensing, M. (2017). The othering in Kazuo Ishiguro’s never let me go. Advances in language and literary studies. Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD. Retrieved January 2, 2022, from http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.4p.126.

Wahyuningsi, E. (2018). Pergeseran Nilai Budaya Jawa dalam Novel Canting Karya Arswendo Atmowiloto: Suatu Kajian Antropologi Sastra. Jurnal Kata: Penelitian tentang Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra, 2(2), 326-335.

Zhang, R. & Steele, D. (2012). Improving intercultural awareness: A challenging task for Japan. Procedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 52-63.

Downloads

Published

2026-10-02

How to Cite

Permatasari, I., & Xiong, Y. (2026). Pre-service English teachers’ intercultural awareness of othering: Insights from CLA. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 31(2), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v31i2.102405

Issue

Section

Articles

Citation Check